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高中英語從句總結

時間:2022-07-20 15:24:48 學習技巧 我要投稿
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高中英語從句總結

  總結在一個時期、一個年度、一個階段對學習和工作生活等情況加以回顧和分析的一種書面材料,寫總結有利于我們學習和工作能力的提高,為此我們要做好回顧,寫好總結。總結怎么寫才不會千篇一律呢?以下是小編精心整理的高中英語從句總結,歡迎大家借鑒與參考,希望對大家有所幫助。

高中英語從句總結

  1.主語從句

  (1)主語從句可直接位于主語的位置,如果從句較長,謂語又較短,可用it作形式主語,而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有:

  It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...

  It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...

  It is clearimportantlikelypossible that...

  It is said eportedestimatedhas been proved that...

  It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful.

  (2)what引導的主語從句表示“...的東西時”,一般不用it作形式主語。

  What we lack is experience.

  (3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義,但它們引導的主語從句,都用陳述語序。

  How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying.

  2.賓語從句

  (1)賓語從句可位于及物動詞、介詞和某些形容詞后。連詞that常可省略。介詞后一般接疑問詞引導的賓語從句。in that(因為),except that(除了),but that(只是)已構成固定搭配,其他介詞后一般不接that引導的賓語從句。

  I promised that I would change the situation.

  All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.

  This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.

  (2)賓語從句后如有賓補,要用形式賓語it來代替,而把賓語從句移至賓補之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

  3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞后的賓語從句中,如果謂語是否定的,一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上,賓語從句則變成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent.

  3.表語從句

  表語從句出現在結構為“主語+系動詞+表語從句”的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導外,還可由because,as if(though)等引導。that常可省略。如主句主語為reason,只能用that引導表語從句,不可用because.

  Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.

  The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

  It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.

  4.同位語從句

  同位語從句用于對前面出現的名詞作進一步說明,一般用連詞that引導,由于先行名詞的意義不同,也可用

  whether,who,when,where,what,why,how以上的詞語引導。

  常見的先行名詞有:

  fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.

  有時由于謂語較短,將同位語從句位于謂語之后。

  She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

  I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.

  The news came that their team had won the championship.

  5.定語從句

  定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是一個句子。定語從句通常位于先行詞之后,由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。

  限制性定語從句

  限制性定語從句修飾先行詞,對先行詞起修飾作用,緊接先行詞之后,無逗號,若省去,原句意思不完整。引導定語從句的關系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有時也可指物,相當于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定語從句中。關系代詞除了引導定語從句,替代先行詞外,還在從句中擔任主語、賓語、定語等。

  The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.

  Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.

  The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

  1)當先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級修飾時,只能用關系代詞that引導從句。 That is all that I've heard from him.

  He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

  2)關系代詞的省略

  在從句中作賓語的關系代詞常可省略。關系代詞緊跟介詞,作介詞賓語時不可用that,只可用which或whom引導從句,并且不可省略,但當介詞位于賓語從句句末時,作為介詞賓語的關系代詞仍可用that,也可省略。

  This is one of those things with which we have to put up.

  This is one of those things (which hat) we have to put up with.

  3)引導定語從句的關系副詞有when,where,why等。關系副詞在從句中作狀語,意義上相當于一個“介詞+which”的結構。

  Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.

  No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.

  非限制性定語從句

  非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞,也可修飾整個主句,起補充說明作用,與主句之間有逗號隔開,若省去,原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導非限制性定語從句。關系詞不可省略。

  Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.

  “介詞+whichwhomwhose”引導的定語從句

  “介詞+whichwhomwhose”可引導限制性定語從句,也可引導非限制性定語從句,該結構中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語動詞的固定搭配,或先行詞的習慣搭配。

  This is the computer on which he spent all his savings.

  It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.

  as引導的定語從句

  as引導的定語從句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的結構中,代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導非限制性定語從句時,代替整個主句,從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。

  These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行詞problems)

  As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主語)

  6.狀語從句

  時間狀語從句

  引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞和詞組有:

  1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。

  We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.

  2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。

  As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.

  高中英語從句知識點

  第一章 名詞性從句

  在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

  1. 主語從句

  主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語 it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

  1.1 It 作形式主語和 it 引導強調句的比較

  It 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結構,主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。

  而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調,無論強調的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人時也可用 who/whom。例如:

  a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那場電影真可惜。

  b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我對你成功與否不感興趣。

  c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 謀殺案是在早上發生的。(強調句型)

  d) It is John that broke the window. 是 John 打碎的窗戶。(強調句型)

  1.2 用 用 it 作形式主語的結構

  用 it 作形式主語的結構

  (1) It is + 名詞 + 從句

  It is a fact that … 事實是…

  It is an honor that …非常榮幸

  It is common knowledge that …是常識

  (2) It is + 形容詞 + 從句

  It is natural that… 很自然…

  It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

  (3) It is + 不及物動詞 + 從句

  It seems that… 似乎…

  It happened that… 碰巧…

  It appears that… 似乎…

  (4) It + 過去分詞 + 從句

  It is reported that… 據報道…

  It has been proved that… 已證實…

  It is said that… 據說…

  1.3 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況:

  (1)if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。

  (2)It is said /reported…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:

  正確表達:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.

  錯誤表達:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.

  (3)It happens/occurs…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:

  正確表達:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

  錯誤表達:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.

  (4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:

  正確表達:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

  錯誤表達:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.

  (5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。例如:

  正確表達:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

  錯誤表達:Is that will rain in the evening likely?

  1.4. what 與 與 that 在引導主語從句時的區別

  what 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語,而 that 則不然。例如:

  a) What you said yesterday is right.

  b) That she is still alive is a consolation

  第二章. 賓語從句

  賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或

  介詞之后。

  2.1 作動詞的賓語

  (1) 由 that 引導的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:

  I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。

  (2) 由 what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句,例如:

  a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道發生了什么。

  b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能幫我改一下

  筆記。

  (3) 動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如:

  She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她對我說她會接受我的邀請。

  2.2 作介詞的賓語

  例:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

  我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。

  2.3. 作形容詞的賓語,例如:

  I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已經犯了一個錯誤。

  注意:that 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語:anxious, aware,certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried,sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied,content 等。也可以將此類詞后的 that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。

  2.4. it 可以作為形式賓語

  it 不僅可以作為形式主語,還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語 that 從句則放在句尾,特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。

  例如:

  We heard it that she would get married next month. 我聽說她下個朋就會結婚了。

  2.5. 后邊不能直接跟 that 從句的動詞

  這類動詞有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate,

  dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語,但不可以用that 引導的賓語從句。如:

  正確表達:I admire their winning the match.

  錯誤表達:I admire that they won the match.

  2.6. 不可用 that 從句作直接賓語的動詞有些動詞不可用于“動詞+間接賓語+that 從句“結構中,常見的有 envy, order, accuse, refuse,impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等。例如:

  正確表達:He impressed the manager as an honest man.

  錯誤表達:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.

  2.7. 否定的轉移

  若主句謂語動詞為 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。

  例如:

  I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。

  第三章. 表語從句

  表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在系動詞之后,一般結構是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有 be, look, remain, seem 等。引導表語從句的that 常可省略。另外,常用的還有 the reason is that… 和 It is because 等結構。例如:

  1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such ashort time.

  2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

  3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

  4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus

  第四章. 同位語從句

  同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。

  4.1. 同位語從句的功能同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋,說明名詞的具體內容,一般由 that 引導,例如:

  1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

  2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

  4.2. 同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面,而是被別的詞隔開。例如:

  He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

  4.3 同位語從句與定語從句的區別

  (1) 定語從句中的 that 既代替先行詞,同時以在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語),而同位語從句中的 that 是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當句中任何成分。

  (2) 定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,描述定的性質或特征;同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如:

  1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。)(第一個 that 引導的從句是定語從句,that 在從句中作賓語)

  2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。)(同位語從句,that 在句中做任何成分。

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