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初二英語知識點總結
在平凡的學習生活中，是不是聽到知識點，就立刻清醒了？知識點也可以理解為考試時會涉及到的知識，也就是大綱的分支。還在苦惱沒有知識點總結嗎？下面是小編幫大家整理的初二英語知識點總結，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
初二英語知識點總結1
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
本單元的話題：談論假期活動內容，復習一般過去時。
本單元的語法：1.復習一般過去時;2.學習不定代詞和不定副詞的用法。
2.不定代詞和不定副詞的用法：
(1)左邊的some、any、every、no與右邊的body、one、thing構成不定代詞，some、any、every、no與右邊的疑問副詞where構成不定副詞;
(2)一般情況下以some開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用于肯定句，以any開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用于否定句、疑問句;以no開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞表示否定含義(no one為兩個單詞);
(3)不定代詞或不定副詞和形容詞連用時，形容詞放在后面。
He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something，形容詞important放后)
Did you buy anything special? (一般疑問句用anything，形容詞special放后)
Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上個月你去令人感興趣的地方了嗎?
(一般疑問句用不定副詞anywhere，形容詞interesting放后)
(4)不定代詞和不定副詞做主語時，后面的動詞用單數(shù)形式。Everone is here today.今天每個人都在這里。
本單元的短語和知識點：
1. go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/進山
2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海灘 visit museums 參觀博物館 go to summer camp去參觀夏令營 3. study for tests為考試而學習\備考 go out出去
4. quite a few相當多,不少(后跟可數(shù)名詞復數(shù))take photos照相 most of the time大部分時間 5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth為某人買某物 6. taste good. 嘗起來很好
taste(嘗起來)、look(看起來)、sound(聽起來)為感官動詞，后跟形容詞
7.have a good\great\fun time過得高興，玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself) 8. go shopping去購物 9. nothing…but+動詞原形：除了……之外什么都沒有
He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了讀書無事可做。
10. seem to do sth:好像… I seem to know him.我好像認識他。
seem+(to be)+形容詞：看起來…The work seems(to be)easy.這工作看起來很容易。
11.keep a diary記日記
12. in+大地方：達到某地 (get to +地方：達到某地)
arrive at+小地方：達到某地 (get的過去式為got)
若是arrive和get后跟home、there、here三個地點副詞，后面的介詞in\at\to必須去掉。
Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚湯姆到家。
13.decide to do sth:決定做某事 14. try doing sth.嘗試做某事try to do sth.盡力去做某事
15. feel like給…的感覺;感受到 16. in the past 在過去 walk around四處走走
enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事 difference(名詞，差異，差別)---- different(形容詞，不同的)
18.start doing sth：開始做某事 (= start to do sth)
19.19.over an hour一個多小時 (over超過，多余 = more than)
20. too many 太多，后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。 too much 太多，后跟不可數(shù)名詞，修飾動詞作狀語。
much too 太，后跟形容詞或副詞 ， 分辨三者的口訣： too much,much too, 用法區(qū)別看后頭:much 后接不可數(shù),too 后修飾形或副。too many 要記住，后面名詞必復數(shù)。
21. because of 因為,后接名詞、代詞或動名詞(即動詞+ing)，不能接句子。
because因為，后跟句子。
He was late for school because of getting up late.他因為起晚而上學遲到。(get為動詞)
= He was late for school because he got up late.
22. enough(足夠的)與名詞連用，一般放在名詞前He has enough money .
23. enough(足夠的)與形容詞或副詞連用，enough放在后面。He is old enough to go to school.
24. doing sth.忘記已經(jīng)做過某事(已經(jīng)做完)
Forget to do sth.忘記去做某事(還未做)(forget的過去式為forgot)
25. so+形容詞+that+句子：如此…以至于…
too+形容詞+to do sth：太…以至于不能…
形容詞+enough to do sth：足夠…能夠做某事(注意三個句型有時可以互換)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.= He is too young to go to school.
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
本單元的話題：談論生活習慣，復習一般現(xiàn)在時。
本單元的語法：1.復習一般現(xiàn)在時;2.學習表示頻率副詞的用法。
主要頻率副詞的等級排序：always(總是) > usually (通常) > often(經(jīng)常) > sometimes(有時) > hardly ever(很少) > never(從不)
這些副詞在句子中的位置，一般放在助動詞、be動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，行為動詞之前。即：“行”前“助(系)”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上學總是遲到。
I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作業(yè)。
提問 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞，用 How often
I watch TV every day.我每天都看電視→How often do you watch TV?(你多長時間看一次電視?)
本單元的短語和知識點：
1.on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看電影 help with housework幫助做家務 how often多久一次 hardly ever幾乎從不
2.once a week每周一次 twice a week每周兩次 every day每天 use the Internet用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
be free有空 Are you free on weekends?你周末有空嗎?
4.stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早點睡覺play sports進行體育活動
5.after school 放學后 6.want sth：需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新鋼筆。
want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放學后他想去看電視。
want sb to do sth:讓某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.媽媽讓我早起。
7.be good for對……有好處 be bad for 對……有害處
8. play computer games打電子游戲 go camping去野營 9.ask sb about sth：問某人某事 My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母經(jīng)常問我的學習情況。
10. in one’s spare time在某人業(yè)余時間He stud
ies English in his spare time.11.(P13，2b)”數(shù)字+percent of+名詞”做主語時，后面的單詞取決于名詞的情況。若名詞為復數(shù)，后面的動詞用復數(shù)形式;若名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，后面的動詞用單數(shù)形式。
In our class ,twenty of students are boys. Thirty of water is dirty.
12.not…at all:一點兒也不 (not構成否定句)I don’t like the movie at all.
13.go online上網(wǎng)=surf the Internet 14.the answer to+名詞：…的答案
16.the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式
The best way to learn English is speaking English.學習英語的最好方法是說英語.
17.such as比如 (后跟名詞或名詞短語)for example 例如(后跟句子)
He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜歡水果，例如蘋果、香蕉等。
He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.
19.more than (=over)超過，多余 go to the dentist去看牙醫(yī)
Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister.
本單元的話題：談論事物對比，學習形容詞比較級。
本單元的語法：學習形容詞比較級。(語法：見課本第113頁至115頁)
本單元的短語和知識點：
1.play+the +樂器 play the drums打鼓 比較play +球類 play basketball打籃球
both…and…兩者都(后面的動詞用復數(shù)形式) Both Tom and Jim are students.
3.be good at+名詞\代詞\V ing:擅長，在某方面做得好
7.be like:像… The books are like friends.書像朋友。
8.make friends (with sb)：(和某人)交朋友 enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事
9.be different from與…不同 My brother is different from me.我弟弟與我不一樣。
10.help sb to (do) sth:幫助某人做某事
常與help sb with sth(在某方面幫助某人)互換 He often helps me (to) learn English.他經(jīng)常幫助我學習英語。= He often helps me with my English.他經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我。
help (to) do sth:幫助做某事He often helps( to)cook at home.他經(jīng)常在家?guī)椭鲲垺?/p>
13.be good with sb:與某人相處很好 14.information (n.消息，信息)不可數(shù)名詞
Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?
本單元的話題：談論事物對比， 學習形容詞和副詞的最高級。
本單元的語法：學習形容詞和副詞的最高級。
本單元的短語和知識點：
1.welcome to+地點：歡迎來到某地 Welcome to our school.歡迎來我校。
2.What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你認為...怎么樣?
3.watch sb do sth:看見某人做了某事(= see sb do sth )
4.比較級別 +and+比較級：越來越…(若比較級為more+形容詞原級，則為：more and more形容詞原級)The buildings are taller and taller. Our school is getting more and more beautiful.
5.around the world全世界=all over th
e world, such as 例如
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?
本單元的話題：談論自己對天使節(jié)目或電影的喜好，學會表達自己的感受。
本單元的語法：復習一般現(xiàn)在時。
本單元的短語和知識點：
1. What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你認為…怎么樣?
What do you think of the movie?你認為這部電影怎么樣? It is boring.很無聊。
2.mind doing sth:介意做某事 3. news (不可數(shù)名詞，消息，信息) a piece of good news一條好消息 4.learn (sth) from sb:向某人學習(某物) 5.plan to do sth:計劃做某事(plan的過去式planned,現(xiàn)在分詞planning) 6.hope to do sth:希望做某事
8.favorite (形容詞，最喜愛的)= like…best
My favorite shows are talk shows.我最喜歡的節(jié)目是談話節(jié)目。=I like talk shows best.
9.expect to do sth:期待做某事 10.think of認為，想起He often thinks of his teachers. 11.in the 1930s:在二十世紀三十年代(1930年至1939年)
10.12.one of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)：…之一(該短語放在句首做主語時，后面的動詞用單數(shù)形式)One of the students has an English dictionary.這些學生中一個人有英語字典。
14.luck(名詞，幸運,運氣)—lucky(形容詞,幸運的)--unlucky (形容詞,不幸的)
15.be ready to do sth樂意做某事 16.try ones best (to do sth):盡力(做某事)
Unit6 Im going to study computer science.
本單元的話題：談論自己將來的計劃或打算。
本單元的語法：學習一般將來時be going to do sth。
本單元的短語和知識點：
1.詞性轉換：science (名詞，科學)—scientist(名詞，科學家)
violin(名詞，小提琴)--violinst(名詞，小提琴家)piano(名詞，鋼琴)-- pianist(名詞，鋼琴家)2.grow up成長，長大 3.be good at+名詞\代詞\動詞+ing:擅長… He is good at math,but he isn’t good at speaking English.他擅長數(shù)學，但是不擅長說英語。
4.keep on doing sth: 繼續(xù)做某事 5.be sure about:確信，對…有把握
His mother isn’t sure about his study.他的媽媽對他的學習沒有把握。
6. move to +地點：搬(家)到某地 7. take singing\acting lessons上歌唱課\上表演課=have singing\acting lessons 8. send sb sth = send sth to sb寄\送給某人某物
His grandfather often sends him money。= His grandfather often sends money to him.
9. learn to do sth學會做某事
10. play the piano彈鋼琴 make the soccer team組建足球隊 get good grades取得好的成績 eat healthier food吃更健康的食品 get lots of exercise進行大量鍛煉
11. foreign language外國語言 12. study hard努力學習 most of the time大多數(shù)時間
14. get back from+地點：從…回來 He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.
at the beginning of 在…開始的時候, write down寫下/記下，
17. different kinds of不同種類的 have to do with關于，與…有關系,take up開始從事
20. too+形容詞+to do sth：太…以至于不能…
so+形容詞+that+句子：如此…以至于…
形容詞+enough to do sth：足夠…能夠做某事(注意三個句型有時可以互相轉換)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年輕以至于不能去上學。
= He is too young to go to school.他太年輕了以至于不能去上學。
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
22.make sb+形容詞：讓某人怎么樣 The good news made us happy.(注意：news為不可數(shù)名詞)
23.how to do better at school為“疑問詞+不定式”即“疑問詞+to do sth”
He didn’t know when to start.他不知道什么時候開始。 24.go to university去上大學
Unit 7 Will people have robots?
本單元的話題：談論對未來的語言，學習一般將來時will do sth。
本單元的語法：學習一般將來時will do sth。
一般將來時由“助動詞will / shall + 動詞原型”構成，表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語如tomorrow、next week，in 2 days(2天之后)等連用。(Shall用于第一人稱，will可以用于各種人稱。) (will not= won’t)
一般疑問句：把肯定句中的will 提到句首即可。以上兩句的一般疑問句為：
Will you visit the old man next week? Yes,we will.\No, we won’t .
否定句：把肯定句中的will 變?yōu)閣on’t即可。以上兩句的否定句為：
We won’t visit the old man next week. She won’t finish the work in 2 weeks.
本單元的短語和知識點：
1.There be結構：There be(is/are/was/were)+某物/某人+某地/某時
“There be結構”的一般現(xiàn)在時：There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某時
There are 600 students in our school.在我們學校有600個學生。
一般過去時：There was/were+某物/某人+某地/某時 There was a school ten years ago.
一般將來時：There will be+某物/某人+某地/某時.= There is going to be+某物/某人+某地/某時. There will be a sport meeting next week.=There is going to be a sport meeting next weeek.下周將有場運動會。 2.on computers在電腦上, on paper在紙上
3.a few +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)：有一些、有幾個 a little +不可數(shù)名詞：有一些
few +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)：幾乎沒有(表示否定) little+不可數(shù)名詞：幾乎沒有(表示否定)
many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)：很多，許多 few 的比較級是fewer ,little的比較級是less
much+不可數(shù)名詞：很多，許多 many\much的比較級都是more
There will be less polution in the future.在未來將會有更少的污染。(polution為不可數(shù)名詞)
We should plant more trees.我們應該種更多的樹。(tree為可數(shù)名詞)
There will be fewer cars in the future.在未來將會有更少的汽車。(car為可數(shù)名詞)
4.in(great)danger在(極度)危險中on the earth在地球上save the earth拯救地球
6.in+一段時間：在…之后(多用于一般將來時)
He will come back in 2 days.兩天之后他將回來。→How soon will he come back?多久他將回來?
句型 There is\are sb doing sth.有某人正在做某事。 There is a cat eating fish.
10. hundreds of+名詞：成百上千的…，許多…(表示模糊數(shù)字)
數(shù)字+ hundred +名詞：幾百…(表示具體數(shù)字)
He has hundreds of book.他有很多書。He bought two hundred books.他買了二百本書。
12.at some point: 在某些方面 free time空閑時間 in one’s free time在某人空閑時間
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
本單元的話題：描述做事情的順序和過程。(First首先,Next下面,Then然后,Finally最后)
本單元的語法：復習一般現(xiàn)在時。
本單元的短語和知識點：
1(P57,1a) turn on打開 turn up調大
turn off關上 turn down調小
2. How many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)：多少…
How much+不可數(shù)名詞：多少…
He has eight books.他有八本書。→How many books does he have?他有多少本書?
3. 量詞的用法：不可數(shù)名詞常用“數(shù)字+量詞+不可數(shù)名詞”來表示。如：
a piece of bread一片面包 比較：two pieces of bread兩片面包(bread為不可數(shù)名詞)
a glass of orange 一玻璃杯橘子汁 one spoon of butter 一勺黃油
5.one more thing = another one thing 基數(shù)詞 + more + 名詞 = another + 基數(shù)詞 + 名詞：又多少某物 He ate an apple,he wanted to eat two more apples.
7.It’s time (for sb) to do sth是某人該做某事的時間了。It’s time for us to have lunch.
It’s time for sth是該做某事的時間了。It’s time for the class.是該上課的時候了。
Unit 9 Can you come to my party?
本單元的話題：學會發(fā)出、接受或拒絕邀請。 本單元的語法：復習情態(tài)動詞。
本單元的短語和知識點：
1.on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午，在具體哪一天的是上午、下午或晚上用on,
2. have to 必須(后跟動詞原形)He has to get up early.他必須早起。→(一般疑問句)Does he get up early? Yes,he does.\No,he doesn’t.
(否定句)He doesn’t have to get up early.他沒有必要早起。
4. sth=want sth 想要某物 Jim would like a new pen .
Would like to do sth=want to do sth想做某事 He’d like to watch TV.
Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意做...?(用來提出建議或征求對方意見)
------would you like to go shopping with me ? 你想和我一起去買東西嗎?
------Yes,I’d love to ，but I’m doing my homework.我想去,但是我現(xiàn)在正在做家庭作業(yè)。
(=Sorry, I’m doing my homework.非常抱歉，我正在做家庭作業(yè)。)
5.prepare for sth為…做準備 go to the doctor去看病have t
he flu 患流感help my parents給父母幫忙 have an exam考試
6. until 的用法:<1>若動詞為延續(xù)性動詞則用肯定句式
He didn’t go to bed until his father came back.他一直到他爸爸回來才上床睡覺。
10.study for a math test為數(shù)學考試做準備go to the party參加聚會
11.What’s today?今天幾號?Its Monday,the 14th.今天星期一，十四號。
補充：what day is it today?今天星期幾? it’s Monday今天星期一。
What’s the date today?今天幾月幾日?It’s October 20th .今天10月20日。
12.go to the doctor去看病 have a piano lesson上鋼琴課
13.look after 照看，照料 = take care of
She is old to look after his brother她足夠大了能夠照看她的弟弟。
take good care of =look after…well好好照顧，好好照料
We should take good care of the children.= We should look after the children well.
感嘆句的類型：
⑴ What a∕an+adj+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) (+主語+謂語)!
What +adj+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)∕不可數(shù)名詞 (+主語+謂語)!
What a fine day (it is) !多么好的天啊! (day為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))
What an interesting book it is !多么有趣的一本書啊!(book為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))
What beautiful flowers they are !多么漂亮的花啊! (flowers為可數(shù)名詞復數(shù))
What bad weather it is!多么糟糕的天氣啊!(weather為不可數(shù)名詞)
⑵ How +adj +主語+(謂語中的)系動詞! How +adv +主語+(謂語中的)實義動詞!
How happy I am!我多麼高興啊! (happy為adj,am為系動詞)
How hard they are working !他們工作多么努力啊!(hard為adv,work為實義動詞)
點撥：陳述句改為感嘆句，可以采用“一判、二定、三移”。
一判：是判斷出陳述句謂語動詞后的中心詞的詞性(adj∕adv∕n);
二定：是根據(jù)判斷出來的結果來確定引導詞(中心詞為名詞用What;中心詞為形容詞或副詞用How;)
三移：就是把主語和謂語移到后面。
注意：在感嘆句中，不得出現(xiàn)so,very，very much等表示程度的單詞。
例如：①Our school is beautiful .
一判：beautiful為形容詞;二定：beautiful為形容詞，用How 來引導;三移：把Our school is移到How beautiful后面，即為感嘆句How beautiful our school is!
②He is a clever boy.
一判：boy為名詞;二定：boy為名詞，用What來引導;三移：把He is移到What a clever boy 后面，即為感嘆句What a clever boy he is!
③He studies English well.
一判：well為副詞;二定：well為副詞，用How 來引導;三移：把He studies移到How well后面，即為感嘆句How well he studies!
練習：將下列句子變?yōu)楦袊@句。①The room is very bright.
② We live a happy life today. ③It is a nice present.
④This is difficult problem.⑤She played the piano wonderfully.
16.)the (best) way to do sth:做某事的(最好)方法 17.thanks for+名詞\Ving:為什么而感謝 18.take a trip參加郊游，at the end of this month在本月底
19.go back to+地點：回到某地 He will go back to Beijing in 2 days.兩天后他將回北京。
20.have a surprise party for sb為某人舉辦一個驚喜的晚會
21.without+名詞\代詞\ Ving：沒有… He can’t finish the work without our help.(help為名詞)
He went to school without having breakfast.他沒有吃早飯就去上學。(have為動詞)
24.look forward to +名詞\代詞\V.ing：期待，盼望
25.hear from sb.收到某人的來信 = receive a letter from sb.
27.the opening of… ：開幕/開業(yè) 28.在具體哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on,比較：
in the morning在早晨 on Sunday morning在星期天的早晨 29.invite sb to +地點:邀請某人去某地(invite -- invitation ) invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事
31.reply to sth / sb：回答某事/回答某人 go shopping 購物，do homework做家庭作業(yè)
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!
本單元的話題：談論事情可能的結果。 。
本單元的語法：在條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來——即主將從現(xiàn)。
If you go to the party, we will have a great time
從句(一般現(xiàn)在時) (主句一般將來時)
解釋：在條件狀語從句，時間狀語從句中，若主句用一般將來時，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來-------簡稱主將從現(xiàn)
If it is fine tomorrow,I’ll visit shanghai
區(qū)分:賓語從句若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以根據(jù)需要用任何時態(tài)
I think I”ll finish the work in 2 days. 我認為我在兩天內將完成這項工作。
主句(一般現(xiàn)在時) 賓語從句
填空：I think she (come)here tomorrow. If he (come )here,I (call)you.
本單元的短語和知識點：
1.have a great /good time 玩的開心 stay at home呆在家里take the bus乘公交車，go to the party參加晚會 tomorrow night明天晚上 talk about sth談論某事 have a class party開班級晚會 have a class meeting 開班會
6.plan to do sth計劃做某They are planning to go shopping.他們正在計劃購物。 7.(P74,2b)half the class 全班一半人,make some food 做食物
8.ask sb. to do sth 請某人做某事My parents often ask me to study hard.
ask sb. not to do sth 請某人不要做某事 My techer often asks us not to be late.
10.too+形容詞+to do sth：太…以至于不能…
so+形容詞+that+句子：如此…以至于…
形容詞+enough to do sth：足夠…能夠做某事(注意三個句型常常可以互換轉換)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年輕以至于不能去上學。
= He is too young to go to school.他太年輕了以至于不能去上學。
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
11.tell sb. to do sth 高速某人做某事 tell sb. not to do sth 告訴某人不要做某事
12.give sb some advice給某人建議/勸告 (adivce為不可數(shù)名詞)
13.travel around the world 周游世界, go to college 上大學，
make(a lot of)money 掙錢, get an education接受教育 ，
14.)work hard 努力工作，a soccer player 一個足球運動員
15.talk to sb.與某人談話，keep…to oneself 把…留給自己/獨處
16.have problems with sth:在某方面有困難 have problems (in)doing sth:做方面有困難 (2個句型常常可以互換)
She has problems with English.她在學習英語方面有困難。
= She has problems (in) learning English.她學習英語有困難。
17.unless=if…not如果…不 Unless it is sunny tomorrow,I won’t go shopping.=If it isn’t sunny tomorrow,I won’t go shopping.
18.be afraid to do sth:不敢做某事be afraid of sth:害怕某物
19.21.be angry with sb生某人的氣He is angry with his son.他在生他兒子的氣。
be angry about\at sth 因某事而生氣He is angry about\at his work.他因為工作生氣。
22.make mistakes犯錯誤 23.remember to do sth記著去做某事(事情還未做)
remember doing sth記著已經(jīng)做過某事(事情做完，但是還記著)
Please remember to close the door when you leave.當你離開的時候記著關上門。(門還未關).
He remembered closing the door.他記著已經(jīng)關上門了。(門已經(jīng)關上)
24.advise sb to do sth勸說某人做某事 advise sb doing建議提議做某事。
25.It’s best (not)to do sth. 最好(不要)做某事 solve a problem解決難題
26.run away from逃避Don’t run away from your problems. solve a problem解決難題
30.agree with sb:同意某人(的看法、意見、觀點等)31.worry about 擔心 =be worried about
初二英語知識點總結2
句子成分和類型
1.主語：句子所陳述的對象。
2.謂語：主語發(fā)出的動作。一般是有動作意義的動詞。
3.賓語：分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語，屬于動作的承受者。
4.系動詞：表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的動詞，沒有實際的動作意義。如be，感官系動詞(look，sound，smell，taste和feel)、保持類系動詞(keep，stay和remain)、狀態(tài)變化類系動詞(become、get、turn和go)等。
5.表語：緊跟系動詞后面的成分。
6.定語：修飾名詞或代詞的成分。
7.狀語：修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或句子的成分。
8.補語：分為賓語補足語和主語補足語。是對賓語和主語的補充說明，與其有主動或被動的邏輯關系。
例如：You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你應該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。
(You是主語，should keep是謂語，the room是賓語，clean and tidy是賓語補足語。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.
這種食物吃起來很可口。
(This kind of food是主語，tastes是系動詞，delicious是表語。)
注意：主語、謂語、賓語、系動詞、表語、補語是一個句子的主干成分;定語和狀語是一個句子的修飾性成分，不是主干成分。
9.簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構成。
10.復合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成。
11.兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本結構是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。
一般疑問句
一、不用疑問詞，但需要用yes或no回答的疑問句，叫一般疑問句。句末用問號“?”。
一般疑問句的基本用法及結構一般疑問句用于對某一情況提出疑問，通常可用yes和no來回答，讀時用升調。其基本結構是“be / have /助動詞+主語+謂語(表語)”：
Is he interested in going?他有興趣去嗎?
Have you ever been to Japan?你到過日本嗎?
Does she often have colds?她常常感冒嗎?
Did you ask her which to buy?你問沒問她該買哪一個?
二、陳述句變一般疑問句的方法
1.動詞be的疑問式：動詞be根據(jù)不同的時態(tài)和人稱可以有am，is，are，was，were等不同形式，可用作連系動詞(表示“是”、“在”等)和助動詞(用于構成進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)等)，但不管何種情況，構成疑問式時，一律將動詞be的適當形式置于句首：句型：Be動詞+主語～?
Is your father angry?你父親生氣了嗎?
Yes，he is.是的，他生氣了。
No，he isn"t.不，他沒生氣。
Were the babies crying last night?(進行時)
昨天晚上這些孩子們一直在哭嗎?
Yes，they were.是的，他們在哭。
No，they weren"t.不，他們沒哭。
Is English spoken all over the world?(被動語態(tài))
全世界都說英語嗎?
Yes，it is.是的。
No，it isn"t.不。
2.動詞have的疑問式：動詞have根據(jù)不同的時態(tài)和人稱可以有have，has，had等形式，可以用作實意動詞和助動詞，分以下情況討論：
①用作實意動詞表示狀態(tài)，如表示擁有、患病或用于have to表示“必須”等，在構成構成式時可以直接將have，has，had置于句首，也可根據(jù)情況在句首使用do，does，did：
Does he have [Has he] anything to say?他有什么話要說嗎?
Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon?你必須這么早走嗎?
Did you have [Had you] any friends then?他當時有朋友嗎?
②用作實意動詞表示動作，如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度過(=spend)”等，構成疑問式時不能將have提前至句首，而應在句首使用do，does，did：
Does he have breakfast at home?他在家吃早餐嗎?
Did you have a good time at the party?你在晚會上玩得高興嗎?
③完成時的一般疑問句
句型：Have(Has)+主語+動詞的過去分詞+～?
Have you known her since your childhood?
你從童年就認識她嗎?
Yes，I have.是的。
No，I haven"t.不。
過去完成時的一般疑問句
句型：Had +主語+動詞的過去分詞+～?
Had he learned about two thousand English
words before he came here?
他來這里以前就已經(jīng)學了大約兩千個單詞了嗎?
Yes，he had.是的。
No，he hadn"t.不。
3.情態(tài)動詞的疑問式：情態(tài)動詞的疑問式通常是將情態(tài)動詞置于句首：
句型：情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形～?
Can you bring me some apples?
你能給我拿來些蘋果嗎?
Yes，I can.是的，可以。
No，I can"t.不，不可以。
Can you speak English?你會說英語嗎?
Must I finish the work at once?我必須馬上完成工作嗎?
4.實意動詞的疑問式：一般實意動詞的疑問式，通常應根據(jù)不同時態(tài)和人稱在句首加助動詞do，does，did等：
句型：Do(Does，Did)+主語+動詞原形～?
Do you go to school every day?你每天都上學嗎?
Does the boy like dancing?這男孩喜歡唱歌嗎?
Did you see the film last night?你昨晚看了這部電影嗎?
Did he do morning exercises yesterday?
昨天他做早操了嗎?
Yes，he did.是的，他做了。
No，he didn"t.不，他沒做。
特殊疑問句
用疑問詞引導的疑問句叫做特殊疑問句。回答特殊疑問句時不能用yes或no。用降調。為了便于理解、掌握特殊疑問句，我們把疑問詞分為三類：
疑問代詞：what，who，Which，whose，whom
疑問副詞：when，where，why，how
疑問形容詞：what(which，whose)+名詞
一、疑問代詞的用法
1.what引導的疑問句
此類疑問句可以對主語、表語和賓語提問。
A.對主語提問
What is in your pocket?
你口袋里有什么?
這個問題可以有兩種回答：
a：There is an egg in it.
在口袋里有一個蛋。
b：An egg is(in it).
一個蛋(在里面)。
There are a lot of chairs in it.
=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有許多椅子。
注意
回答此句型的問題時，答句的單復數(shù)根據(jù)實際情況而定。
B.對賓語提問
What did you buy?你買了什么?
C.對表語提問
What is this?這是什么?
It"s a bench.這是一條長凳。
What is your mother?你媽媽是干什么的?
2.Who，whom，whose引導的疑問句
此類疑問句可以對主語、表語和賓語提問。
Who broke the window?(對主語提問)
誰打破了窗戶?
who可以對主語和表語提問。whom是who的賓格，對賓語提問，但在口語中who可以代替whom。
Li Ming did.李明打破的。
Who is that woman?(對表語提問)
那個女人是誰?
She is my mother.她是我媽媽。(關系)
或者：She is Rose.她是羅思。(姓名)
二、疑問形容詞的用法
what，which，whose后面跟上名詞時，這三個疑問詞起形容詞作用。
What sports do you like?(對賓語提問)
你喜歡什么運動?
I like basketball.我喜歡籃球。
Whose pens are these?(對表語提問)
這些是誰的鋼筆?
They are Li Ming"s.這些是李明的。
Whose father died two years ago?(對主語提問)
兩年前誰的父親死了?
Which picture did you take?(對賓語提問)
哪一張照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.
右邊的那一張是我拍的。
三、疑問副詞的用法
句型：疑問副詞+一般疑問句的語序～?
(疑問副詞在句中作狀語，所以它們不可能對主語提問)
when引導的疑問句：詢問時間
When were you born?你何時出生?
(I was born)on June 5，1962.
我是1962年6月5日出生的。
初二英語知識點總結3
1.主語：
表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事兒”，一般由名詞，代詞或相當于名詞的詞或者短語充當
例如：Gina is from Australia.
She often goes to the movies.
This kind of juice tastes good!
2.謂語：
主語發(fā)出的動作。一般是有動作意義的動詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩個方面必須保持一致。
例如：We are both quiet.
He has a smart phone.
You should study harder.
Her parents are teachers.
3.賓語：
分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語，屬于動作的承受者。
例如：Hes playing soccer.
Good food and exercise help me to study harder.
4.系動詞：
表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的動詞，沒有實際的動作意義。如be,感官系動詞（look, sound, smell, taste和feel）、保持類系動詞（keep, stay和remain）、狀態(tài)變化類系動詞（become、get、turn和go）等。
This picture looks so beautiful.
Keep working, you will see the post office on your right.
5.表語：
緊跟系動詞后面的成分。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣，由n. adj.或者相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或者短語，和系動詞一起構成謂語。
例如：Her mother is a bank clerk.
Are you ready?
We were at home last night.
6.定語：
修飾名詞或代詞的成分。作定語的出形容詞外，還有代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語或相當于形容詞的詞或者短語。
例如：Peel three bananas.
Whats your name, please?
Shes a good basketball player.
7.狀語：
修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或句子的成分。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間地點目的方式程度等意義。通常有副詞、介詞短語或相當于的副詞的詞或短語來表示。
例如：People are all working hard.
Beijing is not very cold in winter.
8.補語：
分為賓語補足語和主語補足語。是對賓語和主語的補充說明，與其有主動或被動的邏輯關系。
例如：You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你應該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。
（You是主語，should keep是謂語，the room是賓語，clean and tidy是賓語補足語。）
This kind of food tastes delicious.
這種食物吃起來很可口。
（This kind of food是主語，tastes是系動詞，delicious是表語。）
注意：主語、謂語、賓語、系動詞、表語、補語是一個句子的主干成分；定語和狀語是一個句子的修飾性成分，不是主干成分。
初二英語知識點總結4
一、 v+ do
1. Let sb do sth讓某人做某事
Let sb not do sth讓某人不做某事
2.why not do sth = why don’t you do sth做什么怎么樣為什么不做?
Why not put on a raincoat，its raining outside.外面在下雨，為什么不穿個雨衣呢?
3. Make sb do sth使某人做某事
I will do my best to make my dream come true.我會盡我所能去使我的夢想實現(xiàn)。
Make sb + adj使某人………..
The story makes us happy。
二、v+ doing
1. practice doing sth練習做某事our English teacher told us to practice speaking English
every day。英語老師叫我們每天練習說英語。
2. finish doing sth完成做某事my mum asks me to finishing cleaning up my room before
she come from work。媽媽要求我在她下班回來之前打掃干凈我的房間。
3. Enjoy doing sth享受做某事
The boys are enjoying playing basketball孩子們正在操場上享受打籃球。
4. stand doing sth忍受做某事她不能忍受欺騙他人
5. mind doing sth介意做某事?你介意開門嗎?
6. keep doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事
She will keep fighting in this new semester.在新學期，她將繼續(xù)努力奮斗
7. miss想念I miss you very much
Miss sth錯過………….he got up late this morning，so he missed the bus
Miss doing sth錯過做某事。He missed having the class，because he got up late。
8. Sb spend time with sb與某人共度時間
I spend the weekend with my grandparents。
Sb spend (time/ money)某人在某事花費時間，金錢
Sb spend (time/money)(in)doing sth某人花費時間、金錢做某事(人作主語)
I spent two hours (in)reading the novel last night.
It takes sb (time/ money)某事花費某人多少時間，金錢(it作主語)
It took me two hours to read the novel last night。
Sb pay sth money= pay money for sth為………..付多少錢。 (人作主語)
I paid ten dollars for that book
Sth cost sb money某物花費某人多少錢(物作主語)
That book cost me ten dollars。
9.succeed in doing sth成功做某事
He succeeds in giving up the smoking他成功地戒了煙。
10. play a role in doing sth發(fā)揮作用，有影響
computers play a role in people’s life計算機在人們的生活中發(fā)揮作用。
11. Have fun (in)doing sth玩得高興
They had fun playing basketball.他們打籃球玩得很高興。
12. be good at doing/ sth擅長she is very good at dancing。他擅長跳舞
13. be talented in doing sth/ sth在某方面有天賦
she is talented in drawing。她在畫畫方面有天賦
三、v+ to do
1. it"s a good/ great way to do sth做....的好方法.
He likes joining some activities because it’s a good way to make friends他喜歡參加一些活
動，因為這是交朋友的好方式。
The best way to do sth做某事的方式
I think the best way to learn English is through English。學英語的方式就是朗讀。
2. It’s one’s first time to do sth第一次做某事
It’s my first time to speak English with foreigners.這是我第一次和外國人說英語。
3. want to do sth = would like to do sth想做某事
4. decide to do sth決定做某事
He decides to have a travel in this winter vacation.他決定在這個寒假去旅行。
5. be determined to do sth下定決心做某事
She determined to get good grades in this final examination.她下定決心要在這次的期末
考試中取得好成績。
6. Invite sb to do sth邀請某人做某事
He didn’t invite me to have dinner with them他沒有邀請我和他們共進晚餐。
Invite sb to a place邀請某人到某處
He wants to invite the girl to his birthday party。他想邀請那個女孩參加他的生日宴會。
7. help sb(to)do sth= help(sb)with sth幫助某人做某事
he helped me with my English。= he helped me to study English.
8. order sb to do sth命令某人做某事
the boss ordered him to finish the work before 5 o’clock老板命令他五點之前完成工作
9. plan to do sth計劃做某事
I plan to have a vacation in this summer我計劃這個暑假去度假
10. choose to do sth選擇做某事
He chooses to stay at home because of the cold weather.因為寒冷的天氣，他選擇呆在家里。
11. Do one’s best to do sth = try one’s best to do sth盡某人做大努力做某事
I will try my best to make my dream come true.
12. Need to do sth需要做某事
She needs to wash her dirty clothes now。現(xiàn)在她需要去洗她的臟衣服。
13. be ready to do sth準備好做某事She is ready to go out她準備好出去了。
14. seem +形容詞看起來….. You seem happy today.你看起來很高興
seem + to do sth.似乎、好像做某事I seem to have a cold我似乎感冒了。
15. tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人做某事
Her mum tells her to sleep early.她的媽媽告訴她早睡。
Tell sb not to sth告訴某人不要做某事
請告訴她不要去爬樹
16. expect to do sth期待做某事
她期待下周去香港。
17. wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事
I wish you to be good.我希望你好好的。
Hope to do sth希望做某事
I hope to have a good job in the future.我希望將來有一份好工作。
18. it’s + adj for sb to do sth做某件事對某人來說怎么樣
It’s good for you to sleep early.早睡對你有好處。
四、v+ to do/ doing
1. try to do sth盡量做某事，努力做某事he tries to finish his homework
Try not to do sth盡量不做某事he tries not to hurt his friends’ feelings。
Try doing sth嘗試做某事。 He tried washing his hair with a new shampoo。
2. mean to do sth有意做某事I didn’t mean to hurt you我不是有意傷害你的。
Mean doing sth意味著、being good to her doesn’t mean loving her對她好并不意味著愛她。
3. start doing sth.開始做某事= start to do sth (begin)
He usually starts cooking at 6 in the evening when his mother is not at home.當他媽媽不在家時，他通常在晚上6點鐘就開始做飯。
4.停止做某事the teacher is coming，lets stop talking.停下來做某事if you are tired, you can stop to rest.
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