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初中英語翻譯技巧
作為一個中學生,你在答題的時候是怎么樣翻譯英語的?請看下面的初中英語翻譯技巧吧!
直譯加注法
有些習語直譯后,仍不能把原意清楚準確地表達出來, 就可采用直譯加注釋法。例如:
a bull in a china shop公牛闖進瓷器店──肆意搗亂
to shed crocodile tears流鱷魚眼淚──假慈悲
People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss.
人們認為他在那種場合所表演的不過是猶大之吻──居心險惡。
The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference; that they rarely leave hope at bottom.
政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子,后患無窮,主要不同之處是:盒底很少留有希望。
The best fish swim (are) near the bottom.好魚居水底——有價值的東西不能輕易得到。
Fish begins to stink at the end.魚要腐爛頭先爛——上梁不正下梁歪。
If two ride on a horse, one must ride behind.兩人騎一匹馬,總有一人坐在后面——兩人參加的事只能一人為主。
The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.隔墻的蘋果最甜——這山看著那山高。
Don't forget to cross your t's.寫時不要忘記 t上面那一橫——一言一行都不要馬虎草率。
套譯
套譯就是借用漢語成語來翻譯。由于文化背景不同,原文的形象有時不符合中國習俗,如直譯出來寓意就會頗為費解,或原文的形象引起另一種聯想,從而影響到原文意思的準確傳達,這時大多可以采用套譯。英漢習語形異義似時,有時可采用這種譯法。例如:
Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 寧為雞首,不為牛后。
Some prefer turnips and others pears.蘿卜白菜,各有所愛。(比譯為"有人喜歡蘿卜,有人喜歡梨"更能為中國讀者所理解和接受。 )
as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴 (如 直譯為"瘦得像個橫桿",則不符合中國人習慣。)
clean hand 兩袖清風
It was by no means a bed of rose. 這決不是安樂窩。
He cries wine and sells vinegar. 掛羊頭,賣狗肉。
as pale (or white) as ashes( or sheet or death) 面如土色
as red as rose 艷如桃李
as clear as daylight 洞若觀火
All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill. 有情人終成眷屬。
He robs Peter to pay Paul. 拆東墻補西墻。
Diamonds cut Diamonds. 棋逢對手,將遇良才。英雄惜英雄
Pay on the spot and borrow a lot; pay slow and you'll get no dough.好借好還,再借不難。
意譯
當直譯原文結果會令人為費解或造成誤解時,如使用套譯的結果不理想,還可以采用意譯。例如:
Look at the chaps in politics and business, whose whole lives were passed in skating on thin ice, and getting knighted for it.
試看那些政治上和商業上的家伙們, 他們整個兒的生活都是在風險中度過的,可是都因此封了爵。(to skate on thin ice 若直譯為"如履薄冰",則會產生謹慎從事的聯想, 有違原意。)
to come like a dog at a whistle 一呼即來
Hilter was once as proud as a peacock. 希特勒曾是一個不可一世的家伙。
Mary and her mother are as like as two peas.瑪麗和她媽媽長得一模一樣。(而不是"像兩顆豌豆一樣相似")
例如:
She likes to rubber-neck. 她愛問長問短。
start a hare 話離本題
to bring down the house 全場喝彩
plain sailing 一帆風順
to show one's clean heels 逃之夭夭
to go on a wild goose chase 枉費心機
as greedy as a wolf 貪得無厭
Every bean has its black. 人皆有短處。
直譯加意譯
這種譯法既能保持原文的比喻形象, 同時又能明白清楚地表達寓意。例如:
laugh off one's head笑掉了牙
break the earth破土動工
wash off one's hands洗手不干
There is no rose without a thorn.
玫瑰皆有刺,樂中必有苦。(比意譯的"世上沒有十全十美的幸福。"簡潔形象。)
Every flow has its ebb. 潮有漲落日, 人有盛衰時。
A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滾石不生苔, 轉業不聚財。
I had won 0 at poker that ordinarily would have burned a hole in my pocket,but I couldn't shake an overwhelming sadness.
我玩撲克游戲贏了三百元。通常,錢燒口袋漏,一有就不留。可我當時極為憂愁煩悶怎么也無法擺脫那種惡劣的心境。
Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.俗話說, 衣柜里面藏骷髏, 見不得人的事兒家家有。
意譯加注
有些英語習語意譯成漢語時,如有必要可提供相關的背景的知識,以幫助讀者加深對原習語的理解。例如:
throw in the sponge 認輸,投降 (注:若拳擊運動員的副手把擦身用的海綿拋向空中,則表示這個運動員認輸因而不進入下一輪比賽。)
pour oil on troubled waters 平息風波,息事寧人(注:傳說航海遇到風浪時,若把油倒進海里,可起到使海浪平息的作用。)
open sesame 敲門磚, 過難關的秘訣(注:《天方夜談》中的《阿里巴巴與四十大盜》故事說:一個山洞內藏有無數的金銀財寶,但洞門緊閉,必須用咒語"開門芝麻"才能打開。)
Good wine needs no bush. 酒好客自來。(注:英國從前流行一種風俗,人們常在商店的門口外掛某種東西作為該店經營某種商品的標志, 掛常春藤ivybush標志的常為酒店。)
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